Academic Referencing Tool (ART)

Same name and same publication date

When citing a single author with two or more references with the same publication date use the suffixes a, b, c, and so forth to indicate the correct reference in text e.g.
Several studies confirm … (Derryberry & Reed, 2005a, 2005b; Rothbart, 2003a, 2003b).

Order the references alphabetically by title in the reference list and then assign a, b, c, and so forth to use in text.

Same name for multiple authors

Same surname

When citing the same surname for more than one author give their initials in text e.g.
"Among studies, we review M. A. Light (2008) and I. Light (2006)."

Same surname and initials

If the initials are also the same give the authors full name in brackets e.g.

First citation and subsequent citations

Use the table to determine the correct format depending on the number of authors.

Adapted from APA publication manual 6th edition p. 177

Authors in the reference list

Alphabetise by the author's surname.
Use the rule "nothing precedes something", therefore Brown, Z. comes before Browning, H.

Multiple works
When listing multiple works by one author list the earliest date first.

No Author

Check the Formats section for citing works with no author.

Corporate authors

When the author and the publisher are identical use the word Author in the place of the publisher (e.g. Canberra, Australia: Author).

Font

• 12-point type size (never use a larger point size for headings or on the title page)
• Use Times or Times New Roman

Margins

• 2.54 cm at the top, bottom, left-hand, and right-hand sides of the page

Spacing

• Double-line spacing
  (do not insert any extra line spaces between paragraphs, or between reference entries)
• Use one space after all punctuation.
  exceptions – the periods in abbreviations (et al., p.m.) or colons in ratios (10:1)
• Space twice after punctuation at end of sentence.

Rules for the use of indents:

Paragraph indents

• Indent the first line of each paragraph (tab key)
• Exceptions: abstract, block quotations, titles and headings, table titles and notes

Reference entries

• These apply the hanging indent for the second and subsequent lines

Bailey, S. (2011). Academic writing: A handbook for international students (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Routledge.

Justification of text

• Only the left hand margin of the text needs to be justified.
• The lines on the right hand margin should end unevenly.

Place of publication

US publishers

For publishers located in the US give the city and the state abbreviation e.g. Upper Saddle River, N.J.

International publishers

For publishers outside of the US give the city and country e.g. London, England.

Abbreviations