Academic Referencing Tool (ART)

In text referencing

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

Center for Bioethics (2009) notes that increasingly "American patients have been transformed into health care consumers" (para. 2).

Paraphrasing or summarising (use of page number/s encouraged)

A forthcoming book will address these issues (Center for Bioethics, 2009, para. 3).

Reference list

Author, A. A. or Corporate Author. (Year). Title of Webpage. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Center for Bioethics. (2009). Ethics and Pharmaceutical Marketing. Retrieved from http://www.ahc.umn.edu/bioethics/research/pharm/home.html

Notes

• When citing an entire website reference the website in text only e.g. The Quality Improvement Agency website is a valuable resource (http://www.qia.org.uk/).
• Where page numbers are not provided give the paragraph number using the abbreviation para.
• If headings are used cite the first few words of the heading and the number of the paragraph following to direct the reader e.g. (Regolith, 2010, "On the Earth" para 6).  

In text referencing

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

The criteria requires that they "have in the last two years taught undergraduate students" (Australian Council for Educational Research, 2010, p. 2).

Paraphrasing or summarising (use of page number/s encouraged)

International students are reporting higher levels than domestic students (Australian Council for Educational Research, 2010, p. 39).

Reference list

Author, A. A. or Corporate Author. (Year). Title of article. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Australian Council for Educational Research. (2010). Doing more for learning: Enhancing engagement and outcomes. Retrieved from http://ausse.acer.edu.au/images/docs/AUSSE_2009_Student_Engagement_Report.pdf

Notes

• If information is missing (e.g. author, date, title) check the table that appears on the APA Style Notes section of this guide

In text referencing

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

Siegel (2010) states the "Earth also radiates the energy absorbed during the day back into space at night" (para. 11).

Paraphrasing (use of page number/s encouraged)

The temperature is rising on Earth (Siegel, 2010).

Reference list

A Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of entry [Web log post]. Retrieved Month Day, from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

E Siegel. (2010, November 10). The Physics of Global Warming [Web log post]. Retrieved November 11, from http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/11/the_physics_of_global_warming.php

Notes

• If the author uses a screen name or nickname to post under this is used e.g. Data-Boy (2010)
• Where page numbers are not provided give the paragraph number using the abbreviation para.
• If headings are used cite the first few words of the heading and the number of the paragraph following to direct the reader e.g. (Regolith, 2010, "On the Earth" para 6).
   

In text referencing

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

Joe (2010) comments that the "Earth radiates absorbed energy back into space at all hours of the day, not just at night".

Paraphrasing or summarising (use of page number/s encouraged)

There is disagreement (Joe, 2010).

Reference list

Name (Year, Month Day). Re: Title of entry [Web log comment]. Retrieved Month Day, from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Joe (2010, November 10). Re: The Physics of Global Warming [Web log comment]. Retrieved November 11, from http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/11/the_physics_of_global_warming.php

Notes

• If the author uses a screen name or nickname to post under this is used e.g. Data-Boy (2010)

Notes

See the APA style blog for the latest recommendation on citing social media sources.

In text referencing

Direct quote (page number/s must be included)

The "regolith is also an important source of construction material, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, lime, and gypsum" ("Regolith", 2010, "On the Earth" para. 6).

Paraphrasing or summarising (use of page number/s encouraged)

The regolith is very important for most life ("Regolith", 2010).

Reference list

Name of page or entry (Year, Month Day). Retrieved Month Day, from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Regolith (2010, October 6). Retrieved November 18, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regolith