Academic Referencing Tool (ART)

In text referencing

Direct quote

Lee (2007, p. 157) draws on data collected from "..."

Paraphrasing

The ongoing need for remittances...(Lee 2007, p. 160)

Reference list

Author, initial(s) Year, 'Article title', Journal Title, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number if any), p./pp. (page number/range).

Lee, H 2007, 'Transforming transnationalism: second generation Tongans overseas', Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 157-178.

Notes

• Capitalise the first letter of all the main words in the Journal Title- not 'and' 'of' 'in' etc.
• The title of the article is in quotes
• The title of the journal is in italics

In text referencing

Direct quote

Carlin and Ford (2006, p. 79) state that, "paying executives in the form of options...".

or

"A further noteworthy influence..." (Carlin & Ford 2006, p. 77).

Paraphrasing

The group of 100 joined the ASX and other associations... (Carlin & Ford 2006).

Reference list

Author, initial(s) Year of publication, 'Article title', Journal Title, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number if any), p./pp. (page numbers).

Carlin, TY & Ford, G 2006, 'A governance perspective on executive options plans - some Australian empirical evidence', Australian Accounting Review, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 75-84.

Notes

• Cite the names of the authors in the order they appear on the title page of the article.
• When the authors names are incorporated into the text, as above, use 'and' instead of &.
• If the names of the authors are in brackets use & before the last author.
• Capitalise the first letter of all the main words in the Journal Title- not 'and' 'of' 'in' etc.

In text referencing

Direct quote

Wattal et al. states that, "Politics in the United States has come a long way..." (2010, p. 670).

or

"We believe information systems can provide insight into..." (Wattal et al. 2010, p. 672).

Paraphrasing

The candidates site "stickiness" is not determined by popularity (Wattal et al. 2010).

Reference list

Author, initial(s) Year of publication, 'Article title', Journal Title, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number if any), p./pp. (page numbers).

Wattal, S, Schuff, D, Mandviwalla, M & Williams CB 2010, 'Web 2.0 and politics: the 2008 U.S presidential election and an e-politics research agenda', MIS Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 669-688.

Notes

• For in-text references, only list the name of the first author followed by et al (meaning 'and others').
• For the reference list, list all authors – do not use et al.
• For the reference list, enter the authors in the order they appear on the title page of the article
• Capitalise the first letter of all the main words in the Journal Title- not 'and' 'of' 'in' etc.

In text referencing

Direct quote

"During his campaign Obama..."(`Restructuring USAID: time to match rhetoric with deeds' 2010)

Paraphrasing

In the article 'Restructuring USAID: time to match rhetoric with deeds' (2010) the author laments...

Reference list

'Article title' Year of publication, Journal Title, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number if any), p./pp. (page numbers)

`Restructuring USAID: time to match rhetoric with deeds' 2010, The Lancet, vol. 376, Iss. 9747, p. 1118.

Notes

• Use the 'title of the article' in place of the author in-text
• The 'title of the article' is in single quotes
• If the article is short there is no need to include a page number
• List it alphabetically by its title in the reference list
• Capitalise the first letter of all the main words in the Journal Title- not  'and' 'of' 'in' etc.

In text referencing

Direct quote

Carlin and Ford (2006, p. 79) state that, "paying executives in the form of options...".

or

"A further noteworthy influence..." (Carlin & Ford, 2006, p. 77).

Paraphrasing

The group of 100 joined the ASX and other associations... (Carlin & Ford, 2006).

Reference list

Author, initial(s) Year of publication, 'Article title', Journal Title, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number if any), p./pp. (page numbers) full stop

Carlin, TY & Ford, G 2006, 'A governance perspective on executive options plans - some Australian empirical evidence', Australian Accounting Review, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 75-84.

Notes

• If an article is accessed using a library database e.g. Proquest or Expanded Academic cite it the same as the print article. Do not include the date viewed, database name or URL.

In text referencing

See entry for Article: No author

Reference list

See entry for Article: No author

In text referencing

Direct quote

Findings suggest that "Intercultural communication skills... in ELT" (Xiao & Petraki 2007)

Paraphrasing

Xiao and Petraki (2007) established in their study that...

Reference list

Author, initial/s Year of publication, 'article title', Journal Title, vol.,no., p./pp. page numbers (if available) viewed day month year, <URL> - no full stop

Xiao, H & Petraki E 2007, 'An Investigation of Chinese students' difficulties in intercultural communication and its role in ELT', Journal of Intercultural Communication, no. 13, viewed 27 November 2010, <http://www.immi.se/jicc/index.php/jicc/article/view/90/59>

Notes

• Follow this example if the journal article is only available via the internet.
• Enclose the URL in the 'greater than' 'less than' symbols < >.
• Put what journal details are available after the title. Volume and issue nos. not always available.
• If there is no author use the 'title of the article' in place of the author in-text.
• Capitalise the first letter of all the main words in the Journal Title - not 'and' 'of' 'in' etc.