Academic Referencing Tool (ART)

Harvard - World Wide Web

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Webpage

In text referencing

Direct quote

"The risk threshold for entry to the Gateway Review Process is high risk" (Department of Finance and Deregulation 2010).

Paraphrasing

According to the Department of Finance and Deregulation, the Gateway process... (2010).

Reference list

Author(if available) Year (the date the site was last updated), Title of Article on Webpage/Title of Webpage, Name of Organisation or Website, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

The Gateway Review Process 2010, Department of Finance and Deregulation, viewed 10 December 2010, <http://www.finance.gov.au/gateway/index.html>.

Notes

  • If there is no author or organisation name begin the reference with the title of the webpage.

Document from a website

In text referencing

Direct quote

"Following the intensification of the GFC...weaken markedly" (Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2010, p. 5).

Paraphrasing

The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2010) found that more Australian youth are unable to find work in 2010 than in 2008.

Reference list

Author Surname, Initial(s) (or corporation name) Year (the date the site was last updated), Title of Document, Name of Organization or Website, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2010, Issues Paper Youth Employment, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, viewed 15 December 2010, <http://www.acci.asn.au/text_files/issues_papers/2010/Youth%20Employment%20Paper%20May%202010_final.pdf>.

Notes

  • If there is no author begin the reference with the title of the document
  • Include page numbers in-text if it is a long document
  • Use n.d. if there is no date. 

Image from a webpage

In text referencing

In the image above (Jorgensen 2010) you can see...

Reference list

Author (artist, person or organisation responsible, if available) Year, Title of image (or a description), description of item (eg image), name of organisation or website, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Jorgensen, L 2010, Lighthouse Freezes, image, ABC News, viewed 17 December 2010, <http://www.abc.net.au/news/photos/2010/12/17/3095885.htm>.

Notes

  • Place the intext reference immediately under the image
  • Description : Use Image for Photographs or graphics

Online video

In text referencing

Direct quote

"Googling is great and everybody does it but not for university assignments" (LTULibrary 2010).

Paraphrasing

This video shows why you shouldn't just use Google when researching for university assignments. (LTULibrary 2010).

Reference list

Author Surname, Initial Year, Online video title, format (online video), Day Month (video was posted), name of organisation or website, viewed day month year, <URL>.

LTULibrary 2010, Why can't I just  google?, online video, 9 February, La Trobe University, viewed 20 January 2011, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp-ZGFd5o5A>.

Notes

  • If no proper name is given, the authors' username may be used instead.

Podcast / vodcast

In text referencing

Direct quote

"There is political control and practical control", Denise Russell explains on the La Trobe University Podcast (2010).

Paraphrasing

This podcast show is about who owns the fish and the ocean (The War on Fish 2010).

Reference list

Author Surname, Initial Year, Title of podcast (vodcast), format, Day Month (of upload), name of organisation or website, viewed day month year, <URL>.

The war on fish 2010, podcast, 9 July, La Trobe University, viewed 10 January 2011, <http://www.latrobe.edu.au/marketing/assets/podcasts/2010/100709-denise-russell.mp3>.

Finn, J & Norman, M 2010, Have coconut, will travel, vodcast, 23 April, La Trobe University, viewed 10 January 2011, <http://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/videos/octopus-coconut>.

Notes

  • If the podcast has no recognisable author, start with the title and put the year after the title. Use the title in the in-text referencing.

Weblog (blog)

In text referencing

Weblogs- Including Full Weblog, Weblog Posts and Weblog Comments

Direct quote

"The whole idea of a conspiracy is that it takes two or more people conspiring" (Henderson 2010).

OR

as Henderson states, "The whole idea of a conspiracy..." (2010).

Paraphrasing

Henderson's weblog post (2010) covers how the meaning of the word conspiracy has changed to mean self-dealing.

Reference list

Author Surname, Initial Year, Weblog Post Title, Title of Blog, format, Day Month (of post), viewed day month year, <URL>.

Henderson, D 2010, Has the word 'conspiracy' lost its meaning?, Library of Economics and Liberty, weblog post, 13 December, viewed 21 December 2010, <http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2010/12/has_the_word_co.html>.

Notes

  • If no proper name is given, the author's username may be used instead.
  • If the author puts multiple posts up on the same day, include the time the entry was posted.- e.g. 12 November 13:53.
  • If you are referencing a comment from a weblog, use the name of the commenter instead of the author of the weblog post and change the format to weblog comment.
  • If you are using the whole blog and not an individual post, do not include the Blog Post Title and change the format to weblog.

Email (personal communication)

In text referencing

Name Initials Year pers. comm., Day Month.

(Shickle S 2008 pers. comm., 8 July) verified that.... or Shickle S (2008 pers. comm., 8 July) verified that...

Reference list

Personal communications are not usually included in the reference list but if a full citation is required  it can be referenced in the following way:

Author Lastname, Initial Date, email, Day Month, <email address of author>

Bloggs, J 2010, email, 24 November,

Notes

  • Personal communications includes letters, emails, interviews etc.
  • Be sure to get permission from the person being cited before you use their details.
  • Put all the details of the email letter etc. in-text.

Social media (twitter and facebook)

In text referencing

Direct quote

The BP Parody account created on twitter, stated "Catastrophe is a strong word, let's all agree to call it a whoopsie daisy".  (BP Public Relations 2010).

Paraphrasing

The Office of The Prime Minister (2010), updated their Julia Gillard Facebook page on 13 Jan, with...

Reference list

Author Surname, Initial Year,'First Few words of update...', Account Name, format, Day Month (of status update), viewed day month year, <URL>.
BP Public Relations 2010, 'Catastrophe is a strong...', BPGlobalPR, Twitter, 24 May, viewed 10 January 2011, <http://twitter.com/BPGlobalPR/status/14583761878>.

Office of the Prime Minister 2011, 'Prime Minister Gillard today announced...', Julia Gillard, Facebook, 13 January, viewed 20 January 2011, <http://www.facebook.com/juliagillard/posts/101538903255112>.

Notes

  • Before using a reference from Twitter or Facebook make sure it is appropriate for academic work.
  • If no proper name is given, use the username.
  • As tweets and status updates do not have titles, use the first few words of the message as a title.

Based on Snooks & Co 2002 Style manual for authors, editors and printers , 6th edn, rev. John Wiley & Sons, Milton, Qld.